Degradable Polymers and Plastics - Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Degradable Polymers and Plastics. Answer: Presentation: The moral test obviously showed by the article is that expansion in the plastic waste in the sea is a danger to the human wellbeing and the marine life. The plastic waste is declining into littler particles that are devoured by fish in the ocean. The catastrophe is that the ocean nourishments people expend likewise contain miniaturized scale plastic substances that are hurtful to ones wellbeing. The basic moral inquiry which is additionally a focal test to naturalists and financial expert is whether organizations ought to be resistant to this worldwide concern and hold centered to the customary job of business of boosting benefits or they should utilize items, for example, biodegradable material to forestall human misery. It is upsetting that people couldn't care less about nature as a result of the infamous propensity to utilize items contained in plastics and arrange off the plastics packs imprudently by the ocean side and the general condition. In general terms one my effectively reason that the individuals are commonly uninformed, in any case, this may overwhelmingly not be the situation. Most importantly, the common contention in this article is that individual inalienably have not grasped conceivable moral practices as for security of the earth and solid. As indicated by the British Plastics Federation (2008) around 4 percent oil that is created in a year fabricated into plastic which are utilized by organizations in bundling items and making pipes. Mitchell (2015) contends that the interest for plastic items has been expanding quickly. It has been contended that in 2009, the all out creation of plastics in the globe added up to roughly 230 millions tones (Sesini, 2011). Hopewell et al. (2009) contends that 50 percent of the plastic that is created on the planet is just utilized once and arranged. Such a pace of removal represents a genuine danger to the earth and the human life. The plastic items that are delivered by numerous organizations are not biodegradable and thusly they stay in nature and the oceans for quite a while (Andrady, 1994). Notwithstanding, Swift and Wiles (2004) fight that plastic waste may not be solid particularly in regions that experience high temperatures and over the top daylight. It is educational to not tha t the plastic break into little pieces that structure plastic flotsam and jetsam which aggregates in nature and the ocean in this manner harming the earth (Oehlmann et al. 2009). It gives the idea that most purchasers lean toward plastic items since they are expendable. A few types have recommended that the utilization of biodegradable plastics is probably going to decrease the polymer contamination in the earth (North, and Halden, 2013).On the hand reusing of the plastic waste likewise essentially lessens the measure of plastic waste that is arranged (Hopewell et al., 2009). Eden ( 1996) contend that in spite of the fact that the legislature may paly a noteworthy job in decreasing the introduction of plastic riches to the earth, such a measure might be powerful and fruitful if open interest is thought of. A dominant part of researchers appear to concur that individuals ought to embrace genius ecological moral practices to lessen the impacts of plastic waste on the human life (Azeem et al., 2013). Utilitarianism is a hypothesis in morals that depends on the joy and torment standard which was started by Jeremy Bentham (Glover, 1990). As per the utilitarian hypothesis the results of an activity is the thing that decides whether an activity is moral or not (Shaw, 1999). Examples of this hypothesis contend that the individual ought to appreciate the best joy and negligible agony. An activity is moral if its outcomes carry delight to the person. It is obvious that organizations that make plastics items ought to adjust their activities to advance delight and bliss and people. As indicated by the utilitarian hypothesis the results of assembling plastics is that they represent a peril to the wellbeing of people and the earth which they live in. The flood in the plastic flotsam and jetsam in the oceans and the earth outrage the rule of most prominent delight and insignificant torment. Be that as it may, business association can limit the impacts of the plastic flotsam and jetsam in the earth by grasping corporate social obligation practices, for example, reusing the plastic and cleaning the seas (Renouard, 2011). A business ought to compute its net advantage of the moves that it makes (Norman, 2013). This infers it should put on a size of balancer the advantages of an activity and the faults. The essential objective of deciding the net advantage is to guarantee that the negative impacts of any activity don't exceed the advantages. It is obvious that plastic waste makes hurt the marine life since they expend it. The earth additionally experiences huge contamination and creatures ashore expend the plastics. Individuals likewise in a roundabout way expend the plastics since ocean and land creatures are a significant wellspring of food. Then again, the advantage of plastic is that they are expendable packs and helpful when used to bundle items. Furthermore plastics it ems, for example, pipes have likewise been utilized in developments. As indicated by the utilitarian hypothesis it is judicious to take note of that utilization of plastics causes more damage than anything else. In spite of the fact that plastics advantage people they elective biodegradable materials can be utilized in bundling and steel can be utilized in making pipes. Kant built up the deontological hypothesis which expresses that a demonstration that is moral is dictated by the obligation that one has. In a perfect world it depends on an ethical commitment that one naturally ought to consistently attempt (White, 2004). On the hand Kant built up the Categorically Imperative which is an incomparable good standard that is utilized to figure out what is sound. As indicated by Kant, an individual ought to have a positive attitude which is the core values that decides one activity (Rawls, 1980). Positive attitude decides the ethical move that one will make. An activity ought to be founded on an ethical obligation to act with a specific goal in mind. The Categorical Imperative in individuals ought to be an all inclusive application. Along these lines, an ethical activity as indicated by this hypothesis must be fit for being applied all around (Rawls, 1980). In a perfect world, it the activity must be founded on normal law. Organizations should proceed w ith the production of plastic materials given that it is good to do as such. As indicated by the ethical law it is appears to be mixed up to cause human torment or passing when it tends to be dodged. It is the ethical obligation of business to forestall this affliction and consequently it is vital that they ought to reuse the plastic waste in nature. People separately have the ethical obligation to secure the earth by taking activities that apply can have all inclusive beneficial outcome. It tends to be contended that this standard can be applied universally on the grounds that an activity taken by singular influences numerous individuals inside their encompassing. In spite of the fact that Kant contends that ethical laws are inborn in individuals, it is basic upon business and the worldwide network to embrace general good framework that will constrain everybody to secure nature through safe removal plastic waste. It might be contended that organizations shunning making plastic item s may likewise have a positive all inclusive impact. Regardless of the way that the job of a business is to make benefit it is against moral laws this ought to be done to the detriment of human life and languishing. The utilitarian hypothesis and the Kant hypothesis manifested two significant wandering perspectives. It is obvious from the clarifications in is paper that the utilitarian hypothesis depends on the results of a people activity. As per the utilitarian hypothesis the aftereffect of an activity is significant and the activity that offers ascend to the outcomes may not be significant. An indecent activity that offers ascend to positive outcomes is viewed as legitimate as per the utilitarianism since it cases most noteworthy delight to the best number. Then again, the Kant hypothesis depends on an ethical obligation and not the results. This hypothesis is not the same as the Utilitarianism since it centers around a move that is made by an individual as opposed to the outcomes. The Kant hypothesis implies that an activity might be ethically right yet the outcomes might be crushing to the human life. The primary contention of this exposition is that an activity ought to be founded on the o utcomes on the grounds that the results immediaty affect human life. Business and people ought to along these lines apply the utilitarian methodology which is the best model that will carry the best delight to the best number. References Andrady, A.L., 1994. Evaluation of ecological biodegradation of manufactured polymers. Diary of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Polymer Reviews, 34(1), pp.25-76. Azeem, M., Hassan, M. what's more, Kouser, R., 2013. What causes star ecological activity: Case of business graduates, Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 24(12), pp.1642-1650. English Plastics Federation, 2008. Oil Consumption. Accessible at: https://www.bpf.co.uk/Press/Oil_Consumption.aspx [Accessed April 27, 2017]. Eden, S., 1996. Open interest in ecological arrangement: thinking about logical, counter-logical and non-logical commitments. Open comprehension of science, 5(3), pp.183-204. Glover, J., 1990. Utilitarianism and its Critics. Hopewell, J., Dvorak, R. what's more, Kosior, E., 2009. Plastics reusing: difficulties and openings. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), pp.2115-2126. Mitchell, A., 2015. Thinking without the circle: marine plastic and worldwide morals. Political Geography, 47, pp.77-85. Norman, W., 2013. Partner hypothesis. The International Encyclopedia of Ethics. North, E.J. also, Halden, R.U., 2013. Plastics and ecological wellbeing: the street ahead. Surveys on ecological wellbeing, 28(1), p

Priyagold History free essay sample

After the exploration targets have been indicated (stage 1) and the rundown of required data has been readied (stage 2), the specialist ought to decide if such data is as of now accessible, either in organization records or in outside sources, surely, the scientist ought not gather information from the field until the proper auxiliary wellsprings of data have been inspected. On the off chance that the required data isn't accessible from optional sources, the scientist should gather information in the field, thus it will be important to structure an information assortment venture. Scientist experience numerous potential wellsprings of blunder when planning an information assortment venture. A portion of these incorporate utilizing a poor or improper research structure not utilizing test plans where conceivable); utilizing a huge scope concentrate rather than a little scope study, or the other way around; utilizing poor test structures; and still others. To limit the potential wellsprings of blunder related with structuring an information assortment venture, the accompanying five issues must be given consideration first As it were, this issue is probably going to decide by the exploration objective and the circumstance prompting the solicitation for inquire about. We will compose a custom article test on Priyagold History or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Exploratory research is probably going to be utilized whenever examining a potential chance or issue and definitive research is probably going to be utilized when the examination is probably going to be utilized when the exploration discoveries are relied upon to bring about explicit choice being made or explicit moves being made.

How to Write an Explanatory Essay for Fourth Grade

How to Write an Explanatory Essay for Fourth GradeYou can find online videos, essays, and other texts about how to write an explanatory essay samples for fourth grade. A lot of kids struggle with the level of detail they want to include in their essay. It is a fine line between being too detailed and putting yourself out there.First of all, you want to make sure you are writing from your own experience or the experiences that brought you to this tough time. This will show that you understand what it is like to be behind the times or not at all equipped to know or understand the current situation. There is nothing wrong with being an outsider, but making your own essay should go with your personality and not the other way around.It is hard to relate to someone who has been in a new situation. As a reader you are looking for a solution, but as a writer you have to be able to adapt to the situation at hand. If you try to talk the problem out, you will fall back on the same old problem o ver again. When you are able to see your way through the story, you will be less likely to make mistakes that will leave your readers bored.There is no need to be content with writing a short outline. There are many interactive examples online that can help you learn how to better craft an essay. Take your time and enjoy the process. One thing to remember is that a good writing course will teach you how to actually write the essay by helping you craft a structure that will benefit your goals.Lastly, you need to come up with a plan for writing. What material do you want to include? Is it going to be specific to the student or generic enough that it will appeal to the whole class? Know your own desires and try to create a plan that is going to work for you. Sample essays should be easy to understand and short enough to comprehend. You want to make sure that your readers will pick up on the information and be more interested in your topic. In order to do this, make sure you write from a point of view that is familiar to you. Have a storyline that is flexible and make sure the key points are easy to follow.If you follow these guidelines for doing well on your sample essays, you should do well. Find the resources that can help you make them better and make sure you are in a comfortable place that you can keep in the long run.

How to Write a Paper on Leadership

How to Write a Paper on Leadership If you are at a loss with your assignment of writing a paper on leadership, you can look through an example, given below, so as to catch the essence of these papers’ writing. The topic of leadership and management always receives a lot of attention in the literature and a lot of previous studies were dedicated to distinguishing these two notions. It is not a new hypothesis, but the strongest and most obvious difference between leader and manager is the nature of this quality. Manager is the capability that can be developed through personal experience and theoretical education, while leadership is a talent that is either given to a particular individual or not. Numerous programs, methods and technologies were developed in order to facilitate management skills, but what can be done to improve leadership skills? Leadership cannot be taught, as any other talent that we get from the beginning of our life. Still, leadership could be further developed and transformed into something more controllable and consistent. What is required from a successful leader? We strongly believe that to become a successful leader it is important to understand your advantages and disadvantages and use this knowledge to motivate and lead people. One of the most complicated tasks of the leader is to obtain management skills that would potentially add discipline and structure in the leading process and communication between the leader and his followers. Based on my personal observation and analysis, successful leader, apart from direct leading skills, has to have several major characteristics, such as flexibility, ability to listen, and ability to receive and provide proper feedback.

The Economic Development Foundation ( Saedf ) Essay

Economics According to the commerce data available from the San Antonio Economic Development Foundation (SAEDF), the city is the second largest in Texas and seventh largest in the United States; it has a cost of living around 12% lower than the US average - 92.4 on the cost of living index (2015). As cited in the SAEDF report, the Milken Institute rated San Antonio one of the top ten best performing cities; in the same factsheet, CNN Money proclaimed it to be in the top five fastest growing cities. Demographics: As cited in the SAEDF factsheet, Nielsen SiteReports of 2014 stated that 1,416,000 people call San Antonio home; twenty percent identify as white, ~55% Hispanic/Latino, ~7% Black, ~1% American Indian, ~2% Asian, 1% Pacific Islander, ~3.5% more than two races, and ~12% other (2015). The same document notes that English, by a narrow majority, is the primary language – followed by bilingual English/Spanish. Employment: With an unemployment rate of about 3.5 percent, the re are 1,018,841 employed persons in San Antonio - the majority work in retail, healthcare and social assistance, hospitality, food service, and government (USDOL 2016; SAEDF 2015). Taxes: In addition to the Texas sales state tax (6.250%), San Antonians pay a city tax of 1.250%, a transit tax of 0.500%, and an advanced transportation district tax of 0.250%, totaling 8.250% in taxes (â€Å"Rate Information† n.d.; SAEDF 2015). There is no individual or corporate state income tax.

Business System Development Life Cycle †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business System Development Life Cycle. Answer: Introduction While information systems manage users data, the modern requirements demand other extended services because of the prevalence of the digital environment. In todays digital system, the demands of information availability and accessibility are higher than ever before because of the various technologies that can support this requirement. Virtualization is one such technology where resources management are delivered to end users using virtual infrastructure i.e. the internet. Moreover, the concepts of virtualization are well exhibited by cloud computing which today is the leading service provider in terms of ICT resources. Now, this outcome is as a result of the benefits it provides including extended resource availability and accessibility, functionalities that are necessary for modern ICT infrastructures(Rackspace, 2017). Similarly, the Headspace project aims to improve its proposed information system by incorporating cloud computing in order to increase the availability of information among its staff and patients. This report analyzes this requirement from a design perspective and offers recommendations on the design structure so as to meet the needs of the user. Lets start by distinguishing these factors with those of the functional requirements, non-functional requirements are elements or factors that are used as the criteria of judging the system performance. In essence, the fulfilment of these requirements enhances the user's operations which improve their interaction with the overall system(Microsoft, 2017). This definition is different from functional requirements that define the functionalities and capabilities of the system. In this section, we highlight these elements based on the FURPS+ reference. These are the factors that affect the systems design so as to influence the experience of the user and the packages run-time behaviour. In this case, they will determine the Headspace projects impact which will enhance the system application in different user platforms(Chung, 2012). The qualities are: Design qualities: conceptual integrity is the key component here where the systems components must be coherently integrated into the implementation process. Supportability: a factor that dictates the overall systems support control features through the elements put in place to resolve operational issues. User qualities i.e. usability: the Headspace system must meet the requirements of the end user, this ability defines the systems usability. Runtime qualities: Performance, reliability and security Performance is the indication of the softwares responsiveness while the reliability is the ability to withstand attacks based on a consistent operation. Finally, the security where the elements of cloud computing will emphasize the need for authorization, authentication and encryption. In essence, security is an element determined by the safety of the data management used as well as its ownership(Lowey, 2017). User interface (UI) and system interface UI is the main component of the GUI (graphical user interface) which generally represents the entire system to the end user. UIs non-functional requirements are only met if the systems interface is designed using a user-centred approach in order to improve its overall impact(Hassan, 2015). This design leads to the following qualities: System accessibility and availability the systems agility and flexibility will improve its overall access as the user will be able to apply it across different platform e.g. different operating systems. Reliability and consistency accessing the Headspace system should be a consistent operation irrespective of the platform used. Aesthetic appeal the system should be appealing to the eye based on the interaction of the different elements of the interface i.e. colour, font and images. Budget - because of the minimal resources available and even the time limitations of implementing the system. Technical integration - because of the different platforms and user preferences needed(Taylor, 2000). Cloud-based solutions Cloud computing is without a doubt the next evolution of the internet which will provide dynamic resources to the end users based on their immediate demands of accessing online services. Now, the Headspace project requires these resources to facilitate the storage of the patients stories and diagnostic information. In essence, the project requires a versatile system that will adjust its functionalities to suit those of the users as they will change from time to time. Moreover, the patients may visit more than one healthcare worker which necessitates an agile system management that can be accessed at all fronts. Cloud computing offers these elements through its functional infrastructure that is based on the internet. Now, considering the system will be deployed online (which is a public environment), the various aspects of cloud computing come into play which influences its strengths and weaknesses(Chappelle, 2008). High accessibility and availability so long as the users (Headspace) have access to the internet the resources (patients records) will be readily available. Moreover, the users can access them from any digital platform. Flexibility and mobility moving the data and user resources from one location to another are easily accomplished as the service provider offers the services in multiple locations. Cost savings finally, the project will minimize the implementation and maintenance cost because the service provider will cater for them all. The user will just perform the end user roles i.e. front-end functionalities(cloud., 2017). Data security a key element of this project due to the sensitive nature of the data which will be mostly patients records. Cloud computing operates within a public domain which makes it difficult to manage because the user is unable to track their resources. As a response, the Headspace project must integrate advanced encryption standards to limit the number of those accessing the system management. Moreover, they should employ authentication features to improve the systems accountability(Alton, 2015). System control and data ownership At the end of the day, the service provider controls the overall system regardless of the service model used. This outcome makes it difficult to manage the resources as the user cannot tag or track their facilities adequately. As a solution, the Headspace project may consider custom SLAs (service agreements) that could stipulate their roles in handling their data so as to understand their legal limitations. Furthermore, extremely sensitive resources should be hosted in the on-premise equipment. System development life cycle (SDLC) There are usually very many variables to consider during the development process of a system. These variables will include elements such as non-functional requirements which have been given above and functional requirements among many others. Now, while system developers may have the necessary expertise to meet the implementation demands, their functionalities depend on design structures and procedures that aid the process(Stoica, Mircea, Micu, 2013). Therefore, SDLC denotes the overall procedure of designing and developing software systems where the roles of planning, creating and even deploying are outlined to fit the immediate needs of the proposed system. A similar approach will be used in the Headspace project, where a wide range of methods may be used to develop it. In essence, these methods will define the projects SDLC and may include the two proposed approaches i.e. predictive and adaptive SDLC. A traditional method that uses conventional concepts to implement systems that have minimal functional and non-functional requirements. The predictive method was the initial approach developed by systems developers to aid their functionalities. Now, at the time of its development, there were minimal system requirements which made it easier to predict the different elements of the software systems(business, 2011). To date, the same guidelines are still in existence as a predictable approach generally defines the modern predictive SDLC method. In essence, the approach will start by defining all the parameters of the system, from functional requirements to user preferences. Moreover, these elements are never changed after being identified and stipulated. From the pre-defined elements, a sequential procedure having logical implementation stages is used to develop the system. Now, this procedure does not deviate from the sequential flow of events as its structure depends on the logical outcomes of each stage. Therefore, overlaps are prohibited which limits the flexibility and diversity of the overall system. Due to this pre-defined structure, the following advantages and disadvantages are experienced(Okoli Carillo, 2010). Pros of the predictive approach It's an accountable approach because it uses a stringent documentation process. Secondly, it's simple and easy to use as all requirements are given before the start of the implementation process. Thirdly, its predictable approach enhances collaboration because all the implementation stages are known(Peru, 2014). An inflexible approach that does not respond to changes. Furthermore, all the development stages run sequentially without overlap which consumes a lot of time. A modern approach that follows dynamic procedures to implement systems based on the immediate demands of the users. Unlike the predictive method, the development procedures are not limited to a single track and may deviate depending on any changes given. Nevertheless, the approach will define a proper design structure consisting of different implementation stages. These stages will outline the different requirements of the system including the functional and non-functional elements. Furthermore, the approach will facilitate the concurrent execution of these stages without following a sequential flow of events(business, 2011). Thereafter, the implementation stages will then be assembled to yield the final system consisting of all the user requirements. Now, the approach will use iteration techniques to assemble the different stages, an outcome that improves the final system. Pros of adaptive approach Its a flexible design method that is able to adapt to any changes. Secondly, it's time efficient as developers can share responsibilities and execute different implementation stages concurrently. Moreover, it offers a user-centred approach that caters for every users needs thus improving the overall system performance and usability. A predictive approach offers the benefit of accountability because the stages of system development are critically given depending on the user's needs. However, its benefits generally end there having extensive limitations more so, with regard to modern systems. On the other hand, the adaptive approach encapsulates all the features of a modern system having the necessary agility and flexibility to adapt to changes(Stoica, Mircea, Micu, 2013). Therefore, during the development stages, the project at hand can introduce new features and requirements without affecting the systems functionalities. Furthermore, its agility would improve the integration outcomes of the system with the cloud resources. Therefore, the adaptive approach is the best SDLC method to use in the Headspace project. Conclusion In this report, the differences between the functional requirements and non-functional requirements have been given. In essence, the functional requirements dictate the capability and functionality of the system. However, the non-functional requirements determine the users judgment with regard to the systems operations. Therefore, factors such as performance, usability, security and reliability must be fulfilled to facilitate a positive user judgment. Furthermore, the systems integration with the cloud facilities is necessary owing to the requirements given by the project. However, this integration should adhere to the guidelines given to protect the data and resource used. References Alton, L. (2015). Cloud computing Pros. IT business edge, Retrieved 28 September, 2017, from: https://www.smallbusinesscomputing.com/biztools/the-pros-and-cons-of-cloud-computing.html. business, M. s. (2011). The System Development Life Cycle. Retrieved 29 September, 2017, from: https://utexas.instructure.com/courses/1166782/files/38198507/download. Chappelle, D. (2008). A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD PLATFORMS. AN ENTERPRISE-ORIENTED VIEW, Retrieved 28 September, 2017, from: https://www.davidchappell.com/CloudPlatforms--Chappell.pdf. Chung, L. (2012). Non-Functional Requirements. Retrieved 28 September, 2017, from: https://www.utdallas.edu/~chung/SYSM6309/NFR-18-4-on-1.pdf. cloud., L. (2017). Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing. Retrieved 29 September, 2017, from: https://www.levelcloud.net/why-levelcloud/cloud-education-center/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-cloud-computing/. Hassan, A. (2015). Software Architecture. CISC 322, Retrieved 28 September, 2017, from: https://research.cs.queensu.ca/~ahmed/home/teaching/CISC322/F09/slides/CISC322_02_Requirements.pdf. Lowey, R. (2017). Non-functional requirements. Scaled agile framework, Retrieved 29 September, 2017, from: https://www.scaledagileframework.com/nonfunctional-requirements. Microsoft. (2017). Chapter 16: Quality Attributes. Retrieved 29 September, 2017, from: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee658094.aspx. Okoli, C., Carillo, K. (2010). The best of adaptive and predictive methodologies: Open source software development, a balance between agility and discipline. Retrieved 28 September, 2017, from: https://chitu.okoli.org/media/pro/research/pubs/OkoliCarillo2010IJAESD.pdf. Peru, G. (2014). Software Development Life Cycle. GSL Peru , Retrieved 28 September, 2017, from: https://gsl.mit.edu/media/programs/peru-summer-2014/materials/t04-_software_development_life_cycle.pdf. Rackspace. (2017). Understanding the Cloud Computing Stack: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS. Support networking, Retrieved 29 September, 2017, from: https://support.rackspace.com/white-paper/understanding-the-cloud-computing-stack-saas-paas-iaas/. Stoica, M., Mircea, M., Micu, G. (2013). Software Development: Agile vs. Traditional. Informatica Economic?, Retrieved 29 September, 2017, from: https://www.revistaie.ase.ro/content/68/06%20-%20Stoica,%20Mircea,%20Ghilic.pdf. Taylor, A. (2000). Constraints and Limitations. Introduction, Retrieved 29 September, 2017, from: https://www.cse.msu.edu/~cse470/F97/Projects/F00/F00-Cheng/diagnostics/diagnostics2/web/documents/designdoc/document/node5.html.

joahua Essays - Provinces Of The Philippines, Isabela, Echague

JOSHUA A. PERALTA Oscariz Ramon , Isabela 09161550492 OBJECTIVES To enhance my skills and my abilities To develop the industry-desired values of positive work attitude, good human relations and competency in my field of specialization. ____________________________________________________ PERSONAL INFORMATION Age: 24 Birth D ate: March 26 ,2002 Birth P lace: Oscariz , Ramon, Isabela Citizenship: Filipino Religion: Roman Catholic Father's Name: Reynaldo M. Peralta Mother's Name: Rachel A. Peralta ___________________________________________________ _ EDUCATION Tertiary Isabela State University Echague Main Campus Secondary Ramon National High School Oscariz , Ramon, Isabela Primary Oscariz Elementary School Oscariz Ramon , Isabela ____________________________________________________ AREA OF EXPERIENCE On the job training @ Oscariz Elementary School ____________________________________________________ SKILLS AND INTEREST Good relation to human skills Willing to work under pressure Willing to be trained to further enhance my skills for the improvement of my performance. Flexible, hardworking and independent. PERSONAL QUALITIES Honest Responsible Trustworthy Loyal Self-motivated Helpful CHARACTER REFERENCES Mrs. Thelma P. Ambatali Ambatali , Ramon, Isabela Principal III Mrs. Franielyn D. Miguel Burgos, Ramon, Isabela Teacher I I hereby attest that the above information is true and correct. Applicant Joshua Peralta Oscariz , Ramon Isabela 09161550492 March 2019 Billy Valleros Teacher II Ramon National High School Sir: Greetings of Peace and Love! It is a great pleasure that I am looking for a teaching position within your school. I believe that my instructional abilities, combined with my strong interpersonal skills and work ethics would greatly benefit your educational program. I am JOSHUA A. PERALTA , 24 years of age, residence of Oscariz Ramon Isabela with the degree of Bachelor of Elementary Education, at Isabela State University. I would like to apply as a Primary teacher in your school. I believe that education is the key to success for young students. I am a licensed teacher and at present I continuously enhance and seek professional growth and development by enrolling Masteral Degree of Education. I believed that this accomplishment will enable me to teach and motivate students ascertaining their inner strength and abilities and discovering what truly inspires them. I aim to provide a stimulating learning environment that encourages students to trust their own opinions and fostering confidence to others for my students to realize their full potential. Thank you and more power! Very truly yours, Joshua A. Peralta Applicant

Effects of chronic immobilization stress on hippocampal brain-deprived neurotrophic factor and TrkB in juvenile and aged rats The WritePass Journal

Effects of chronic immobilization stress on hippocampal brain-deprived neurotrophic factor and TrkB in juvenile and aged rats Introduction Effects of chronic immobilization stress on hippocampal brain-deprived neurotrophic factor and TrkB in juvenile and aged rats IntroductionMethods AnimalExperimental ProcedureImmunohistochemistryQualitative AnalysisExpected ResultsDiscussionREFERENCESRelated Introduction The hippocampus is a vital region of the brain that regulates major aspects of learning, memory and emotions.   The hippocampus has also been linked in the regulation and control of anxiety response and conditioned fear (Yee et al. 2007) and yet it can also retain a high degree of plasticity (McEwen, Gianaros 2010). Looking at the structure of the hippocampus, one would find a curved arrow on either hemisphere. The curved region is known as the CA1-CA3 subfields which contain the pyramidal layer while the arrow known as the dentate gyrus (DG) is made up of a granular cell layer. The neurons in CA3 (the lower part of the curve) connects directly to CA1 (the upper part of the curve), which would receive input from the DG. Another component of the hippocampus is the brain-deprived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its specific receptor TrkB. It has been found that in previous research that there is a high level of BDNF expression in the central nervous system in which it plays an important role in the survival, protection, maintenance and differentiation from insults to neural cells (Barde, 1989). In the hippocampus however, BDNF helps with long-term potentiation (Figurov, 1996). The majority of the neural effects of BDNF are regulated by binding to the TrkB receptor (Barde, 1989). The BDNF and TrkB could also play a role in the stress response in hippampal neurons (Tapia-Arancibia et al. 2004, Pardon et al. 2005, Sirianni et al. 2010). Previous research has observed how BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus play a role in the regulation of the HPA axis. Its role has to do with the termination of hypothalamopituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis responses to stress (Pizarro et al. 2004, McCormick et al. 2010), essentially the regulating the stress circuit to help maintain homeostasis (Herman et al. 1995). Other studies have found that this structure regulates the HPA axis through inhibiting its activity of BDNF and TrkB (Herman et al. 1996) and that hippocampal neurons can be hypersensitive to stress (Rot et al. 2009). They are especially vulnerable to long-term damaging influence of the glucocorticoids and can decrease expressions of BDNF (McEwen and Magarinos 2001, Bartolomucci et al. 2002, Murakami et al. 2005). It has been found that the consequences of long-term exposure to stress in the hippocampus can remodel hippocampal cells, which then can result in a malfunction of the affected area (Diamond et al.1996, Bremner 1 999). Different types of chronic or acute stress can modulate the reduction of BDNF and TrkB mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and in the pituitary gland of adult male rats (Rage 2002, Murakami 2005, Givalois 2001). Stress can play a more damaging role in the hippocampal regions of young and aged rats as well. Hippocampal vulnerability and reduction in neurotrophic factors have also been found in stressed and aging rats (Smith 1996, Li Yi 2009), and as well as in age-dependent rats that were postnatally exposed to maternal deprivation, which changed the BDNF expression in selected rat brain regions (Roceri, 2004).   All of which can possibly affect the structural synaptic plasticity which is has been found to be preserved in the dentate gyrus of aged rats (Geinisman, 1992) and has been linked to certain mood disorders (Duman, 2000). Many previous studies on the role of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus under certain stress conditions relied mainly on the observations of modifications in the matter of these proteins in adult animals during immobilization stress (Givalois et al. 2001, Rage et al. 2002, Marmigà ¨re et al. 2003, Reagan 2007). All of which has found a difference in the expression of BDNF in certain regions of the HPA axis in adult male rats, which again can lead to the dysfunction of that affected region. Furthermore, to my knowledge no reports have been published about chronic immobilization stress-induced responsiveness of BDNF and TrkB and their role in juvenile and aged animals exposed to immobilization stress during two critical stages of brain morphologic and functional transformations. The hypothesis of the proposed study is that juvenile rats will have a reduction of the hippocampal region than those of aged rats when exposed to chronic immobilization stress. Methods Animal Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats from two age groups would be used for this study. The first group described as juvenile –JUV (postnatal 28 days) and the second group described as aged –AGE (postnatal 360 days).   They would be housed in groups of five animals per plastic cage in a room maintained under standardized light (8am to 8pm-hour light-dark cycle) and temperature (22 ±3 °C) conditions. They would be housed at least 1 week prior to the experiment. The animals would receive free access to food pellets and tap water. The care and treatment of the rats would be in accordance with the guidelines for laboratory animals established by the National Institute of Health as well as by the Local Ethical Committee of the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Experimental Procedure All tests were conducted once a day in 60-minute sessions for 20 consecutive days at the same time, between 10:00am and 3:00pm. JUV and ADT animals would be divided into experimental groups (n=5), exposed to chronic immobilization stress and control non-stressed groups (n=5), which would remain in their home cages until perfusion. The control animals would be handled for a few minutes daily by the same operator. The chronic stress stimulation would begin for JUV rats at postnatal seven days old. Chronic Immobilization Stress During each session, the animals would be immobilized in accordance with a well-established protocol (Badowska-Szalewska, 2010). Rats are fixed on a wooden board (18Ãâ€"25 cm) in a supine position by means of a leather belt, after which each of their legs was fixed at an angle of 45 ° to the body midline with adhesive tape (Badowska-Szalewska, 2010). Experimental and control animals were sacrificed on postnatal day 28 (JUV) and 360 (ADT), 90 min after the final session. All animals will be deeply anesthetized with a lethal dose of a drug (choice pending) and then perfuse with 0.9% saline solution with heparin, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde solution in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) (Badowska-Szalewska, 2010). The brains will be removed and kept overnight and serial coronal sections of brain (40-ÃŽ ¼m-thick) will be cut. Immunohistochemistry   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bordering sections would be processed for BDNF and TrkB with immunohistochemistry. The free-floating sections will be blocked in 10% Normal Goat Serum (NGS) for 2 hours and   incubated at 4 ºC for 3 days with the primary polyclonal rabbit anti-BDNF antibody and primary polyclonal rabbit anti-TrkB antibody (Badowska-Szalewska, 2010). After multiple rinses in a buffered saline (TBS), the sections will be incubated (2-3 hours, room temperature) with a secondary antibody. The controls for the immunohistochemical procedures will be processed with the same procedure with the exception of the primary or secondary antibodies. Therefore, no staining will be observed in the control slides. Qualitative Analysis An image analysis system will be used to analyze the number of BDNF-ir and TrkB-ir positive cells in the hippocampus. The total number will be divided into three (counted separately) areas of the hippocampus: CA1 subfield, CA3 subfield and dentate gyrus (DG). The cells that will be counted are the BDNF-ir cells or TrkB-ir cells in the pyramidal layer of CA1 and CA3, and in the granular layer of DG. The hemisphere and sampling will be chosen at random. The data will be analyzed by a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the factor groups (intact vs. chronic immobilization stress) and age groups (juvenile-JUV and aged-AGE). Expected Results Under chronic immobilization stress exposure, juvenile rats should have a significant decrease in the density of BDNF immunoreactive (ir) neurons and TrkB-ir cells should be observed in CA1, CA3 and DG. After chronic immobilization stress exposure of aged rats, the density of BDNF-ir and TrkB-ir cells should not decline in any of the sub-regions of the hippocampus. Discussion The present study would investigate the age-related changes in the density of BDNF-ir and TrkB-ir neurons in the under the exposure of immobilized stress. Prolonged forced swim has been found to affect the amount of BDNF-ir and TrkB-ir cells in the hippocampus of juvenile, not aged rats (Badowska 2010). The number of cells that contains these proteins would   be higher in DG than in CA1 or CA3, which is mostly to be related to the various   intrinsic and extrinsic interactions of the denrate gyrus (Amaral and Witter 1989). If proven, then the high levels of BDNF and TrkB that are present in the hippocampus indicate that these molecules have important physiological functions in different stages of life (Tapia-Arancibia et al. 2008). It is extremely important as demonstrated during adolescence; BDNF influences almost all aspects of development, including stimulation of growth, differentiation of neuronal stem cells and many other various roles (Mattson et al. 2004, Tapia-Arancibia et al. 2004). The flip side of the coin is that during aging, BDNF may play a protective role by preventing neurodegeneration, and stimulating sprouting in the hippocampus (Smith 1996, Tapia-Arancibia et al. 2004), or increasing neuronal repair (Smith et al. 1995). As for TrkB, it exerts positive influence on dendritic branching and dendrtic integrity/plasicity in the hippocampus (Sato et al. 2001), therefore a reduction in the level of this protein may be underlying factor in the synaptic changes that occur with age in the hippocampus (Geinisman et al. 1992). It is also known that adolescent rats, versus adult subjects, tend to be more susceptible to the influence of aversive stimuli, which is created by   HPA axis activation (Avital and Richter-Levin 2005, Lupien 2009), by the prolonged secretion of glucocorticoid (Romeo et al. 2004, Cruz et al. 2008, McCormick et al. 2010).   Also the expression of BDNF and TrkB is possibly regulated in opposite direction, meaning that the gr owth of BDNF content occurs with the fall in the level of TrkB in the hippocampal cells of aged rats (Frank et al. 1997, Nibuya et al. 1999, Sommerfeld et al. 2000, Silhol M et al. 2007, Tapia-Arancibia et al. 2008).Therefore, the higher density of BDNF-ir and the lower density of TrkB-ir cells in AGE group of experimental rats may signify their protective effects against hippocampal damage of aging animals in stress conditions. This study will demonstrate that hippocampal subfields of juvenile and aged rats show different density of BDNF and TrkB immunostaining cells. Chronic immobilization stress would influence the density of BDNF-ir and TrkB-ir in juvenile animals and the aged rats would be the determining factor in the changes in the density of BDNF-ir and TrkB-ir in the hippocampal regions. REFERENCES Alleva, E., Santucci, D. (2001). Psychosocial vs. â€Å"physical† stress situations in rodents and humans: role of neurotrophins. Physiol Behav 73: 313–320. Avital, A., Richter-Levin, G. (2005). Exposure to juvenile stress exacerbates the behavioural consequences of exposure to stress in the adult rat. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 8:163173. Badowska-Szalewska, E., Klejbor, I., Cecot, T., Spodnik, JH., MoryÅ›, J. (2009). Changes in NGF/c-fos double staining in the structures of the limbic system in juvenile and aged rats exposed to forced swim test. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 69: 448–458. Badowska-Szalewska, Spodnik, E.,   Klejbor, I., MoryÅ›, J. (2010). Effects of chronic forced swim stress on hippocampal brainderived neutrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor (TrkB) immunoreactive cells in juvenile and aged rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 70: 370–381. Bartolomucci A, De Biurrun G, Czà ©h B, Van Kampen M, Fuchs E. (2002). Selective enhancement of spatial learning under chronic psychosocial stress. Eur J Neurosci 15: 1863–1866. Bremner JD. (1999). Does stress damage the brain? BiolPsychiatry 45: 797–805. Bridges N, Ã…  lais K, Sykov E (2008) The effects of chronic corticosterone on hippocampal astrocyte numbers: a comparison of male and female wistar rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 68: 131–138. Cheng A, Wang S, Cai J, Rao MS, Mattson MP. (2003). Nitric oxide acts in a positive feedback loop with BDNF to regulate neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in the mammalian brain. Dev Biol 258: 319–333. Cruz FC, Quadros IM, Diamond DM, Ingersoll N, Fleshner M, Rose GM. (1996). Psychological stress impairs spatial working memory: Relevance to electrophysiological studies of hippocampal function. Behav Neurosci 110: 661–672. Dugich-Djordjevic MM, Peterson C, Isono F, Ohsawa F, Widmer HR, Denton TL, Bennett GL, Hefti F. (1995). Immunohistochemical visualization of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the rat brain. Eur J Neurosci 7: 1831– 1839. Duman RS, Malberg J, Nakagawa S, D’Sa C. (2000). Neuronal plasticity and survival in mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry 48: 732–739. Fenoglio KA, Brunson KL, Baram TZ. (2006). Hippocampal neuroplasticity induced by early-life stress: Functional and molecular aspects. Front Neuroendocrinol 27: 180–192. Frank L, Wiegand SJ, Siuciak JA, Lindsay RM, Rudge JS (1997) Effects of BDNF infusion on the regulation of TrkB protein and message in adult rat brain. Exp Neurol 145: 62–70. Geinisman Y, de Toledo-Morrell L, Morrell F, Persina IS, Rossi, M. (1992). Structural synaptic plasticity associated with the induction of long-term potentiation is preserved in the dentate gyrus of aged rats. Hippocampus 2: 445–456. Givalois L, Marmigà ¨re F, Rage F, Ixart G, Arancibia S, Tapia-Arancibia L. (2001). Immobilization stress rapidly and differentially modulates BDNF and TrkB Mrna expression in the pituitary gland of adult male rats. Neuroendocrinology 74: 148–159. Greenberg ME, Xu B, Lu B, Hempstead BL. (2009). New insights in the biology of BDNF synthesis and release: implications in CNS function. J Neurosci 29: 12764– 12767. Jacobson L, Sapolsky, R. (1991). The role of the hippocampus in feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Endocr Rev 12: 118–134. Katoh-Semba R, Takeuchi IK, Semba R, Kato K. (1997). Distribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats and its changes with development in the brain. J Neurochem 69: 34–42. Li Y, Ji YJ, Jiang H, Liu DX, Zhang Q, Fan SJ, Pan, F. (2009). Effects of unpredictable chronic stress on behavior and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in CA3 subfield and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in different aged rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 122:1564–1569. Lipsky RH, Marini, AM. (2007). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuronal survival and behavior-related plasticity. Acad Sci 1122: 130–143. Marmigà ¨re F, Givalois L, Rage F, Arancibia S, Tapia- Arancibia, L. (2003). Rapid induction of BDNF expression in the hippocampus during immobilization stress challenge in adult rats. Hippocampus 13: 646–655. Murakami S, Imbe H, Morikawa Y, Kubo C, Senba, E. (2005). Chronic stress, as well as acute stress, reduces BDNF mRNA expression in the rat hippocampus but less robustly. Neurosci Res 53: 129–139. Nibuya M, Takahashi M, Russell DS, Duman, RS. (1999). Repeated stress increases catalytic TrkB mRNA in rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 267: 81–84. Rage F, Givalois L, Marmigà ¨re F, Tapia-Arancibia L, Arancibia, S. (2002). Immobilization stress rapidly modulates BDNF mRNA expression in the hypothalamus of adult male rats. Neuroscience 112: 309–318. Roceri M, Cirulli F, Pessina C, Peretto P, Racagni G, Riva, MA. (2004). Postnatal repeated maternal deprivation produces age-dependent changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in selected rat brain regions. Biol Psychiatry 55: 708–714. Romeo RD, McEwen, BS. (2006). Stress and the adolescent brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1094: 202–214. Sapolsky, RM. (2001). Depression, antidepressants, and the shrinking hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:12320–12322. Sato T, Wilson TS, Hughes LF, Konrad HR, Nakayama M, Helfert, RH. (2001). Age-related changes in levels of tyrosine kinase B receptor and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 in the rat inferior colliculus: implications for neural senescence. Neuroscience 103: 695–702. Schaaf MJM, De Kloet ER, Vreugdenhil, E. (2000). Corticosterone effects on bdnf expression in the hippocampus implications for memory formation. Stress 3:201–208. Sirianni RW, Olausson P, Chiu AS, Taylor JR, Saltzman, WM. (2010). The behavioral and biochemical effects of BDNF containing polymers implanted in the hippocampus of rats. Brain Res 1321: 40–50. Smith, MA. (1996). Hippocampal vulnerability to stress and aging: Possible role of neurotrophic factors. Behav Brain Res 78: 25–36. Tapia-Arancibia L, Rage F, Givalois L, Arancibia, S. (2004). Physiology of BDNF: focus on hypothalamic function. Front Neuroendocrinol 25: 77–107. Tapia-Arancibia L, Aliaga E, Silhol M, Arancibia, S. (2008). New insights into brain BDNF function in normal aging and alzheimer disease. Brain Res Rev 59: 201–220. Thoenen, H. (1995). Neurotrophins and neuronal plasticity. Science 270: 593–598. Yan Q, Rosenfeld RD, Matheson CR, Hawkins N, Lopez OT, Bennett L, Welcher, AA. (1997). Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in the adult rat central nervous system. Neuroscience 78: 431–448. Yee BK, Zhu S, Mohammed AH, Feldon, J. (2007). Levels of neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus and amygdala correlate with anxiety- and fear-related behaviour in C57BL6 mice. J Neural Transm 114:431–444.

Analysis Harold and Kumar

This is what really sets â€Å"Harold and Kumar† apart not just from â€Å"Stoner films† or the entire Comedy genre, but from every film ever made. Casting two â€Å"minorities† in the leading roles. The opening scene involves two â€Å"higher ups†, who we assume are Harold’s bosses, at an accounting firm who are trying to get out of doing their work for a night out. They pass the work on to our unsuspecting Harold, who reluctantly accepts the new task load because his job was threatened. This opening scene sets up Harold’s personal problems that at the end of the ovie, he over comes. This scene cuts between multiple shots of Harold’s bosses standing over Harold, and Harold looking up at them. They loom over Harold, looking down on him as a workhorse that they can pass their work loads to. Harold sits in his chair looking up at his two bosses, bewildered and somewhat frightened to stand up for himself. His two bosses are dressed in black suits which communicates to the audience that they are not only dominant but authoritative and for lack of a better term, evil. They are the first protagonists we see in the film. As they blast out of the office parking lot in their convertible, they justify their actions by saying that â€Å"those Asian guys love crunching numbers†. We quickly get the response to this with a cut of Harold standing in the office looking out the window the speeding convertible, angrily saying â€Å"Fuck†. From this we cut to a scene of Kumar being interviewed for acceptance into a medical school program at an undisclosed prestigious university. Kumar blatantly doesn’t care about the interview, or as we discover later, becoming a doctor like his father wants him to be. Kumar sits in the interview dressed in a disheveled suit and slouches in his chair. From these two scenes we are introduced into the typical roles that normally see in Hollywood movies. The quiet Asian being pushed around and the Indian guy trying to become a doctor. Each time though we see the problems that the characters have with both of these situations, this is the side that we don’t normally see in films. Harold hates his job because he feels like he isn’t respected, it is also learned later in the film that he basically fell into his job because that’s just how it went. Until the end of the film when Harold begins to take charge and stand up for himself, the audience has no problem believing that Harold just went with the motions and became an accountant. Kumar on the other hand is basically Harold’s polar opposite, yin and yang type situation, and resists falling into his â€Å"natural† role in society of becoming a doctor even though he is obviously very skilled in the field, by living off his fathers money (who is a doctor) and spending most of his days smoking pot. Throughout the movie there are scenes where a character is presented with a problem that in some way relates to a stereotype about their ethnicity. The movie deals with this in a joking manner, but the best part is that the character encounters it in a positive manner. Take for instance the character of Kumar, after visiting his father working in the hospital he steals an access card to steal medical marijuana, in the process of locating the marijuana, the duo find scrubs to disguise themselves in and in a mix up are confused as surgeons who are to operate on a gun shot victim. Kumar’s â€Å"natural† ability in health and medicine allows him to successfully operate on the victim and save his life. This ends up being the turning point in the film for Kumar where he decides to stop resisting his father and the typical role society expects of Indians, and become a doctor. For Harold, his turning point occurs at the end of the film when he stands up for himself at his destination, white castle. His two bosses show up at the White Castles from their night out with a pair of women, their attire has changed slightly, one has shed his black coat and the other is completely disheveled in his suit. Harold stands now, face to face with both of his bosses with a visibly angry face. He confronts his bosses and lets them know that he won’t take their bullying any longer. The two men look scared and are speechless since they were caught in a lie and that Harold has literally stood up to them, a contrast from the first scene of the film. About halfway through the film there is a scene where Neil Patrick Harris has stolen the car and leave Harold and Kumar stranded. The two are attempting to walk across the street at a completely vacant intersection. Kumar urges Harold to just walk across and disregard the street sign because there is no one around. As Harold takes his first step to cross, he is stopped by a police officer. The officer harasses the two of them and in a sign of blatant racism, he mocks Kumar and Harold’s ethnicities by asking if they have strange names. He asks Kumar if his name has â€Å"like five O’s or two U’s†. At this scene Kumar stands up for himself by belittling the officer and telling him he was loser in high school and is still one now. Although the officer has a much bulkier body type than Harold and Kumar, Kumar still stands face to face with the officer, representing his courage to go against someone he knows could take him to jail. I have seen â€Å"Harold and Kumar go to White Castle† MANY times before this paper and usually only watched it as it was presented, I laughed at the funny parts and would promptly move on to something else. Until this paper I had never thought to consider the representations the film portrayed of Harold and Kumar. I had never even noticed that the two leading roles were â€Å"minority† ethnicities. The way the film acknowledges the stereotypes that come bundled with the two characters and destroys them whilst making a completely mockery of them is quite fascinating. One of the more interesting facts is that the film was written by two Jewish men, and directed by a Caucasian man. They obviously didn’t want to make a comedy like any other with a white lead, they casted two very different men together and made an incredibly successful film. The film has spawned two sequels and each did very well in the box office. I would personally love to see a film cast more â€Å"minority† ethnicities in the lead roles, not just comedies but every film genre. I think that day is not too far ahead. Rangwala, Shama. Issue 5: Film Reviews.   Scope. Http://www. scope. nottingham. ac. uk/. Web. 06 Mar. 2012. lt;http://www. scope. nottingham. ac. uk/filmreview. php? issue=5gt;.

Comparing John Milton's character Satan in Paradise Lost to Dante's Research Paper

Comparing John Milton's character Satan in Paradise Lost to Dante's Lucifer, and how their portrayal of these characters differe - Research Paper Example This paper is a comparison of two characters: John Milton’s Satan and Dante Alighieri’s Lucifer. The thesis statement that carries this paper toward a direction is that: Milton’s Satan is an embodiment of power, heroism and leadership; while, Dante’s Lucifer is powerless, dull and uninteresting. Paradise Lost is one of the greatest masterpieces of John Milton’s, which has been studied, criticized, and evaluated in every period of time since it was written. The character of Satan has been evaluated in different regards, mainly claimed as being the most convoluted and dynamic character in literature. In Milton’s text, Satan is shown as possessing a sense of havoc, chaos, and wreck. The reader is never clear whom Milton is justifying as being innocent: Satan, or Adam and Eve. Flannagan (26) writes in his book that many romantic critics believe that Milton is unknowingly in the devil’s party, as he portrays Satan as the most powerful chara cter throughout the story, seducing us into following his leadership when, for example, he is shown arguing with Areopagitica, or when he chooses to speak truth for a moment. The reader ends up sympathizing with the Satan in the minutest of feeling, in addition to the greatness of Shakespearean acting in his character. Ruth and Milton (15) write, â€Å"Milton’s appealing delineation of Satan’s character, some commentators say, forces the reader to sympathize and identify with the fallen archangel just as Milton himself does.† Satan is shown on a hot lake of molten lava in Hell, and weeping at a point later, which are the sites the reader empathizes with him at. The energy that comes out of his character while he is in the Hell, and while he plans the whole story against Adam and Eve, makes his character so magnificent that no other character in the story can beat. God, in comparison, has been portrayed as an uninteresting character in Paradise Lost- something th at the Satan convinces the reader to believe in Book 3, while behaving like a naive victim all the way. At least this is the perception the reader conceives when he reads the Satan’s fervent dialogues and their contagious rhetoric throughout the storyline. His speeches are as weird as the disguise he adopts to entice Eve to eat the Forbidden Tree; that is, the serpent that is clever, sharp, quick, smart, and vengeful. Carrying angelic features and possessing potent weapons, Satan is shown as an embodiment of authority, power, control, and leadership. He is the leader of the fallen angels, sharing with them the plan to leave the Hell for a quest based on vengeance. Critics and reviewers have agreed upon the heroic aspect of Satan in Paradise Lost; for example, Brackett (313) writes that Milton has shown Satan as such a â€Å"clearly and dramatically drawn figure that many post-romanticism readers viewed him as a heroic figure, a Byronic hero of sorts†¦as Satan proudly de clares his preference for the position of ruler of hell to servant in heaven.† Hence, the heroic and leadership incarnation of Satan’s character in Paradise Lost shows Milton’s idea of sin that has been discussed many a times by critiques later on. It is also important to discuss how Milton has expressed Satan’s persona of heroism and leadership in his work. Satan is proud of his army that he thinks is so powerful that repulse can never be known.

Mayan Family Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mayan Family Structure - Essay Example The Mayan dialect comprises 69 languages within five sub-families of Ch'ol-Tzotzil, Huastecan, Yucatecan, Chujean-Kanjobal, and Quichean-Memean sects. At the height of their prosperity they lived in cities that actually used to be religious centers and open country-sides. Their administrative system was effective and resourceful although their social and religious practices were sometimes brutal. (Mayan Family) The Mayan community is spread far and wide in pockets of different countries like Mexico, Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Chiapas, Gautemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. However, they are distinct from each other in their unique way they dress and communicate. The Mayan language is spoken as the first language in some communities whereas Spanish is the first language with others. The Mayan family structure today is just about like any other regular family structure in the world. They work, play, study, live together and plan their lives as a family unit and for their descendants. They live in their own countries and proudly hold on to their native tongue although a lot of them also speak Spanish, the language commonly spoke in majority of the people in the region. However, as a community, they are backward and still need help to improve their lot in education and business. They have a rich culture and tradition to speak of. They have wonderful history and heritage to share with people from all over the globe. They have rich natural sources and abilities to compare and compete with the best in the world, and brilliant ideas and hopes to join the rest of the human community in the race for better standards of living for themselves and others. (History of the Mayan Agency) Family Structure of the ancient times Specific information about the family structure as a unit is not forthcoming probably because the Mayan language family itself is divided into five sub-families. These sub-families are dispersed in different countries in South America, viz. Gautemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador and South Mexico. The largest populations are found in Mexico in the states of Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco and Chiapas. The culture and social life of the Mayan harks back to ancient times as far back as 1500 BC. It was a prosperous and militant civilization that observed religious rituals on barbaric lines and depended on thriving economy. There was a big gap in the way of living between the ruling class and the common man. The king, his family, courtiers, priests, palace guard and servants enjoyed a better standard of living in comparison to the society at large. The Mayans practiced caste system rigidly. There was no way anyone could move over from a lower caste to upper caste or from one caste to another. The caste system much like other social and economic practices was inherited and passed on to the next generation without question. Nonetheless, the higher castes enjoyed the privilege of moving down the ladder. No one stopped the royal class from mixing with their less privileged citizens if it suited their position or tastes. There is nothing to show that such alliances were consigned to the flames or death squad. Also besides sacrificial

Shakespeare - Globe Theater :: essays research papers

Compared to the technical theaters of today, the London public theaters in the time of Queen Elizabeth I seem to be terribly limited. The plays had to be performed during daylight hours only and the stage scenery had to be kept very simple with just a table, a chair, a throne, and maybe a tree to symbolize a forest. Many say that these limitations were in a sense advantages. What the theater today can show for us realistically, with massive scenery and electric lighting, Elizabethan playgoers had to imagine. This made the playwright have to write in a vivid language so the audience could understand the play. Not having a lighting technician to work the control panels, Shakespeare had to indicate wether it was dawn or nightfall by using a speech rich in metaphors and descriptive details. Shakespeare's theater was far from being bare, the playwright did have some valuable technical sources that he used to the best of his ability. The costumes the actors wore were made to be very elabor ate. Many of the costumes conveyed recognizable meanings for the audience such as a rich aristocrat wearing silk clothes with many ruffles. Many times there were musical accompaniments and sound effects such as gunpowder explosions and the beating of a pan to simulate thunder. The stage itself was also remarkably versatile. Behind it were doors for exits and entrances and a curtained booth or alcove useful for actors to hide inside. Above the stage was a higher acting area which symbolized a porch or balcony. This was useful in the story of Romeo and Juliet, when Romeo stood below Juliet and told her how he loved her. In the stage floor was a trap door which was said to lead to "hell" or a cellar, this was especially useful for ghosts or devils who had to appear and disappear throughout the play. The stage itself was shaped in a rectangular platform that projected into a yard that was enclosed by three story galleries. The building was round or octagonal in shape but Shakespeare called it a "wooden O." The audience sat in these galleries or else they could stand in the yard in front the stage. A roof and awning protected the stage and the high-priced gallery seats, but in the case bad weather, the "groundlings," who only paid a penny to stand in the yard, must have gotten wet.

The Truth About Introverts

I have constantly tried to hide my introversion. I would always, and still do, force myself out of my comfort zone to be with friends. Whether it be at large parties or Joining in on various conversations In which I had no Interest. † (Scoffer) Despite the efforts Introverts make to fit In with an extroverted centered world, It frequently does not not work, or may go completely unnoticed. It drains them out of most of their energy and usually leaves them second guessing about who they are and who they wish to be.Introverted people deal with a variety of difficult situations everyday including stereotypes always being made about them while simultaneously trying to live in a ‘noisy' society focused on more outgoing personality types. In a world where talk is cheap and time is money, life of an introvert can be overwhelming and exhausting (The Samba Life). We live in a society that is focused so much on extroversion and who is geared more towards conversation and activity au tomatically stereotypes Introverts as having a lack of social skills. But In all reality, introverts hardly lack social skills in any way.They simply get their energy from being alone. It Is simple as that. They fight battles constantly; they fight for the opportunity to express their quiet and thought out words that are always overpowered by extroverts, and they fight for time alone every day to â€Å"recharge† and recollect from their day. Everyone needs this. Introverts may just simply need and want it more often than others. There are many assumptions to be made about introverted and shy individuals. If common stereotypes have anything to say about the issue, is that introverted people are socially awkward loners' who avoid large crowds and can't stand other people (Scoffer).Introversion might Just be one of the most misunderstood and under appreciated personality traits. The ‘silent revolution' of introverted people has recently been thrown Into mainstream society with various authors writing books that shed light on this Important and sensitive topic (Scoffer). We are In a culture that obviously values extroverted qualities such as outgoing personalities, natural public speakers or the ability to confront others in difficult situations with no hesitation. But not all of us are so lucky to have been blessed with such qualities.Much of the problem that comes along with the misconceptions of introverts originates from the differences between introversion and extroversion. The difference is more complicated than it Just being shy vs†¦ Out going. The introversion and extroversion contrast has its roots in ‘Jungian psychology, which looks upon extroverts as more naturally accustomed towards the outside world and introverts as more focused on their own world (Gooier). The portrayal and description that introverts seem to relate to the most is that they are not withdrawn lonely people who dread the Idea of being around others.Most Introve rts are very kind hearted and compassionate Individuals who as a matter of fact really enjoy being surrounded by others. They don't need tons of constant stimulation to feel delight or entertained. Actually, top much stimulation can be very draining. This outlook on the two introvert is not inadequate in any way shape or form, and definitely shouldn't be labeled as, and it is not something that needs to be â€Å"adjusted â€Å"or â€Å"fixed†. A change needs to take place in everyone's thoughts on introversion.An individual who is sitting by themselves, or not voicing their opinion in conversations does not mean they are anti social, stuck up, or angry. They aren't sad, and they aren't scared of acting socially. This individual is probably your average introvert. Like with most things, for one to change in any way takes time. It has to become a habit that takes time to develop. Becoming outgoing, or more comfortable around others are traits that have to be learned over a lo ng period of time. This universal idea in our society hat outgoing and bubbly is good and silence isn't needs to change.

The Impact of Procrastination on College Students

I. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Procrastination is the act or habit of putting tasks on hold. It is the unnecessary postponement of starting or finishing an undertaking, which eventually leads to distress (Solomon Rothblum, 1984). The intentional delay of due tasks is very common among students and lately, it has become prevalent in college settings (Rabin, Fogel Nutter-Upham, 2011). According to Semb, Glick and Spencer (1979), the level of procrastination increases as an individual stays longer in universities. It was stated by Ellis and Knaus (1977) that approximately, over 70% of college students engage in this activity. Undergraduates tend to start papers during the last minute; they fail to prioritize what should be accomplished first, and as a result, their academic performance is greatly affected. A detrimental effect on their studies leads to having poor grades and eventually, failure in class (Semb, et.al., 1979). Zeenath and Ocrullo (2012) indicated that university students procrastinate because of its affective consequences. External factors, such as peer influence and coping strategies, surrounding them also contribute to this. Furthermore, the way of teaching of the professors also affects the performance of the students toward the tasks given to them. Procrastination is the reason behind the poor academic performance and unhealthy lifestyle of the students. However, even if the individuals receive negative consequences, they still choose toShow MoreRelatedProcrastination And Its Effects On Students1300 Words   |  6 PagesEveryday students procrastinate. This is not something new, however. Procrastination is a behavior that started a long time ago. It is a phenomenon as old as the universe. Most students are seen procrastinating every day. Zarick Stonebraker (2009) conducted a survey among students. They wrote: As expected, the effects of procrastination are widespread. 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